[Predictive toxicology: in silico modelling and expert systems].

نویسنده

  • Markus Lill
چکیده

Computergestiitzte Verfahren fur toxikologische Tests werden mittlerweile verstarkt als Alternative zu Tierversuchen gesehen. Diese Konferenz gab Einblick in den aktuellen Stand dieser Verfahren zur Voraussage der Toxizitat chemischer Substanzen. Im Zentrum der Forschung stehen hierbei QSAR-Methoden (quantitative structure-activity relationships), bei denen statistische Beziehungen zwischen der chemischen Struktur der Substanz und ihrer Aktivitat, d.h. Toxizitat, erstellt werden. Das Interesse an computergestiitzten Verfahren zur Voraussage der Toxizitat hat laut Mark Cronin (John Moores University, GB-Liverpool) in den letzten Jahren verstarkt zugenommen, da diese Alternativen zu Tierversuchen darstellen konnen, was aufgrund gesellschaftlichem Konsens und politischem Druck grosse Bedeutung besitzt. Insbesondere die Veranderungen der Behandlung und Klassifizierung von chemischen Substanzen auf EU Ebene, dargelegt im viel diskutierten White Paper on the Strategy for a future Chemicals Policy' hat alternative Methoden zu Tierversuchen ins offentliche Rampenlicht geruckt. Schatzungen zu Folge waren EU-weit bis 2012 bis zu 10 Millionen Tiere bei Kosten von bis zu 8 Milliarden Euro betroffen. Obwohl es eine unbestreitbare Beziehung zwischen chemischer Struktur einer Substanz und ihrer toxischen Wirkung gibt, stellt sich die Frage ob QSAR-Methoden diese Beziehung zuverlassig zur Voraussage von Toxizitaten quantifizieren konnen, Dabei zeigt sich, dass QSAR-Modelle in den Fallen signifikante Voraussagen treffen konnen, in

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • ALTEX

دوره 20 2  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2003